Understanding the Operation of DHCP Relay Agents

The discover and request messages are broadcast in the DORA process, and the offer and acknowledgement messages are broadcast or unicast depending on the value of the broadcast flag, i.e. if the value of the broadcast flag is 1, the offer and acknowledgement messages are broadcast, and if the value of the broadcast flag is 0, the messages are unicast. 

What exactly is Dora in DHCP?

A DHCP client-to-server communication between two peers consists of three types of interaction: DORA is a broadcast-based organisation (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledgement). The DHCP client broadcast Request requests the offered IP address lease, followed by the DHCP broadcast Acknowledgement.

However, because the router does not forward any broadcast packets, this is only true when the DHCP server is present on the same network. What happens if the server is on a different network? This is where the DHCP relay agent comes in.

In this tutorial, I will go over in detail how to configure a DHCP relay agent. Learn how to configure DHCP relay agents on Cisco routers using the 'ip helper-address' command using a packet tracer example. Before we get into the details, it's important to understand the basics of DHCP, DHCP client, and DHCP server.

What is the main use of DHCP?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol used to automate the process of configuring devices on IP networks, thus allowing them to use network services such as DNS, NTP, and any communication protocol based on UDP or TCP.

DHCP is a protocol that allows hosts to allocate IP addresses automatically and employs four separate packets to do so. We use broadcast messages over the network to hopefully reach a DHCP server because a computer doesn't have an IP address to begin with. 

The issue with broadcast is that it requires the DHCP server to be in the same broadcast domain as the DHCP client because routers do not forward broadcast packets.

Local broadcast messages are used by DHCP clients to obtain IP addresses from the DHCP server. Local broadcast messages are not forwarded by routers by default. This means that if the DHCP server is configured on a different network, or if a router is configured between the DHCP server and the DHCP clients, the DHCP clients will not receive IP addresses from the DHCP server. 

In this case, a network administrator has two options: configure a DHCP server in each subnet or configure the router as a DHCP relay agent, connecting the subnet to the DHCP server.

If a client resides on a different network than the DHCP server, you have to configure the default gateway of the client as a DHCP relay agent to forward the broadcast packets as unicast packets to the server. 

It is much easier than you might think to configure a router's interface as a DHCP relay agent. In interface configuration mode, use the following command to configure a router's interface as a DHCP relay agent.

Router(config-if)#ip helper-address [dhcp-IP server's address]

The command 'ip helper-address' instructs the interface to forward the incoming DHCP message to the configured DHCP server. Use this command on all interfaces connected to local subnets with DHCP clients.

In this post, I have explained how to set up Cisco routers as DHCP relay agents.

Let's look at an example:

A client (C1) is on the left, a router (R1) is in the middle, and our DHCP server is on the right. The client will emit a DHCP discover the message in order to obtain an IP address using DHCP. Because the router is performing its duty, broadcast traffic will not be forwarded, and the DHCP discovery will never reach the DHCP server.

So, how do we go about resolving this? We must employ the DHCP Relay Agent feature. In short, the router will forward DHCP requests from the client to the DHCP server, and when the DHCP server responds, the messages will be forwarded back to the client.

If a client resides on a different network than the DHCP server, you need to configure the default gateway of the client as a DHCP relay agent to forward the broadcast packets as unicast packets to the server. 

You use the ip helper-address ip_address interface configuration mode command to configure a router to relay DHCP messages to a DHCP server in the organization.

What exactly is a DHCP relay agent and how does it work?

Any TCP/IP host that forwards requests and answers between DHCP server and client when the server is on a different network is referred to as a DHCP relay agent. DHCP transmissions are received by relay agents, who then construct a fresh DHCP message to transmit out on another interface.

The DHCP server selects an IP address to allocate to the DHCP client from an IP pool by referring to the relay agent IP address in a DHCP Discover message and sends a DHCP Offer message with the destination IP address set as the relay agent IP address.

What is the port number for the DHCP relay?

DHCP messages sent by a client to a server are routed through the well-known port 67 (UDP—Bootstrap Protocol and DHCP). DHCP messages sent by a server to a client are routed to port 68. A Palo Alto Networks firewall interface can act as a DHCP server, client, or relay agent.

Why does DHCP require two ports?

The use of a well-known port (in our case, 68) prevents the use of the same two destination port numbers, preventing other protocols from using a port that is already in use by another protocol. In other words, it prevents an application from receiving a message from a different protocol.

What causes DHCP failure?

A DHCP error can be caused by one of two things. The configuration on the computer or device that allows a DHCP server to assign it an IP address is one example. The other is the DHCP server configuration. DHCP errors occur when a network's DHCP server or router is unable to automatically adjust a device's IP address in order for it to join the network.

What is the best way to configure a DHCP relay agent?

To demonstrate the configuration of the DHCP relay agent, I have used the Cisco Packet Tracer tool. 

The DHCP client in the figure is part of the 172.16.1.0/24 network, while the DHCP server is part of the 10.1.1.0/24 network. The syntax shown in the Example is used to configure Router R1 as a DHCP relay agent.

Configuration: DHCP server

Router#conf terminal

Router(config)#hostname dhcpServer

dhcpServer(config)#interface f0/0

dhcpServer(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

dhcpServer(config-if)#no shut

dhcpServer#conf t

dhcpServer(config)#ip dhcp pool pool1

dhcpServer(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0

dhcpServer(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.1.1

dhcpServer(dhcp-config)#dns-server 172.16.1.1

dhcpServer(dhcp-config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.1

dhcpServer(dhcp-config)#exit

dhcpServer#conf t

dhcpServer(config)#router rip

dhcpServer(config-router)#version 2

dhcpServer(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0

DHCP Relay Agent

dhcprelyagent#conf t

dhcprelyagent(config)#interface f0/1

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#no shut

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#exit

dhcprelyagent(config)#interface f0/0

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#no shut

dhcprelyagent#conf t

dhcprelyagent(config)#router rip

dhcprelyagent(config-router)#version 2

dhcprelyagent(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0

dhcprelyagent(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0

dhcprelyagent#conf t

dhcprelyagent(config)#interface f0/0

dhcprelyagent(config-if)#ip helper-address 10.1.1.2

DHCP Relay Configuration Verification

To view the current DHCP relay setting, use the show config command (or show running for the running-config file).

How to troubleshoot DHCP relay?

Enable debugging and use the display command on the DHCP relay agent to view debugging and interface state information in order to locate the problem. The DHCP server and relay agent are both configured to use DHCP.

Is it better to use DHCP or a static IP address?

When comparing DHCP vs static IP, it is clear that DHCP is the more popular option for most users because it is easier and less expensive to deploy. Having a static IP address and guessing which IP address is available is extremely inconvenient and time-consuming, especially for those unfamiliar with the process.

Some Useful Commands

sh ip dhcp ?

binding      DHCP address bindings

conflict      DHCP address conflicts

pool           DHCP pools information

relay          Miscellaneous DHCP relay information

I hope you found this post helpful.

How To Check Mobile Network Strength On An Android And iPhone

When we talk on mobile, the call often gets disconnected or there is too much distortion during the calling, then we place the blame on the network operators. While the reality is something else, the problem may be in the handset as well. 

The network strength of the cell phone is weak and due to this, many other problems including calling and data start. 

While purchasing the handset, we take the best device by looking at the feature, style, and price of the phone, but do not check the mobile network strength.

Although there is no way to check the mobile network strength at that time, later you can check it. Next, I have explained the same way. If your phone is having a network issue, then this article is useful for you. 

You can find out by yourself whether this is the phone problem or the network itself is weak in your area. Network strength in the cell phone tells what kind of signal is coming in your phone. 

The quality of other network-based services depends on it, including your calling and data. 

Network strength is measured by dBm (decibel-milliwatt). Every 3 dBm doubles the network strength.

For example, if your cell phone has a −83 dBm network and if it becomes −80, then the power is doubled and if it becomes −77 dBm then its coverage is doubled. 

So remember that the network strength will always be in - dBm and the lower it is, the better.

Check the mobile network strength on an android and iPhone.

It is very easy to measure the network strength in Android phones. For this, follow the below-mentioned steps.

1. Go to your phone settings.

2. From there, you have to select about the phone or about the device and click on it.

3. Here you will find many types of options, but you have to go to the status.

4. There are many options here too, but you have to choose the SIM card status. Clicking it will open the next screen and at the bottom here you will see the signal strength. 

You can know how the mobile network strength is.

This method may be somewhat different on many mobile phones. Especially on Chinese phones, you have to go to the first phone. 

From here, click on the status and then on the network. Now, you can see the signal strength in your phone.

On iPhone-

1. Open the dialer pad and dial *3001#12345#*. 
2. The Field Test menu will show on the screen.
3. Now, tap on LTE and tap ‘Serving Cell Meas.’

Here, you can see rsrp0 which shows the signal strength of your primary tower, the closest one to your location. Whereas, rsrp1 denotes the signal strength of the next nearest tower. 

What is the best signal strength for 3G/4G networks?

However, a question is bound to come to your mind how much signal strength in the phone will be called the best. The way to know about the 3G/4G signal strength is the same but the scale changes slightly.

If you are using 3G SIM on your phone, then -50 to -79 dBm network strength will be called Best. If it is -80 dBm to -89 dBm, then it is fine, and -90 to -99 dBm can be considered average.

That is, from here, you start having trouble. 

If the signal strength is 100 to -109 dBm, then it is weak and 110 dBm or above is very poor. Similarly, there is not much difference in this scale for the 4G network, but if it has a signal up to -90 dBm then it can be said to be very good. Whereas from -91 to -105 dBm is fine.

In the same way, -106 to -110 dBm network strength is average and may cause problems. While  -111 to -119 dBm is bad, and if -120dBm is again very bad condition. 

This way you can check which phone has a good or poor mobile network strength.

That's all folks! I hope, you have enjoyed the article. I’m eager to receive your feedback.

20 Most Successful Small Business Ideas That You Can Start With Low Investment

Are you thinking to start a new business of yours? If yes, then you should start it with effective ideas. 

Once you decide which business you want to do, then a business plan must be also done properly for it. 

A well-documented successful small business idea helps to properly evaluate the company you are about to start. It also helps you to boost your business.

Our successful small business ideas are helpful for both borrowers and investors so that they can know the complete plan of business before investing. 

If your business is self-financed, it would be better for the company owner to make reasonable financial estimates and emerge with relevant business strategies.

The marketing plan is an integral part of every business as it is included in the marketing strategies to be adopted for the promotion of services and products. 

The business plan or strategy also includes goals that have to be achieved by its performance. It also gives indications of the capital required to run an organization.

Here are some of the Most Successful Small Business Ideas that you can start with a small investment:

1. Personalized and Customized Gift Store

Today the demand for personalized and customized gifts is increasing. So you can think about trading it. 

It is a very profitable business. According to research, customers spend a lot of money on personalized and customized gifts. 

Most men and women are willing to personalize the gifts they’re giving. Almost anything can be customized - photo frames, keychains, clothing, lunch boxes, backpacks, sports bags, water bottles, teddy bears, and much more. 

You can change your product range depending on what is currently running.

So, as you can see, there is a lot of potential in the personalized gifts market!

2. Interior Designers

An interior designer is a person who has the ability to design a functional and beautiful space. 

The demand for interior designers is increasing day by day, so if you have creativity and skills, an interior designer can be a good option. 

3. Small Grocery Store

It is also a good idea to start a business a grocery store at a low level. 

Starting up a small grocery store is a profitable business idea as the population and the demand is increasing, so a grocery store can be a good business option.

4. Tuition Class

Education is very important today for everyone, so businesses related to education can never be shut down. You can also start your business with a tuition class.  

Plenty of stress is put on children to pass their examinations. This has led to an increase in demand for tutors who can stimulate the minds of gifted students and help students with their studies outside the classroom. 

Setting up a home tutoring business is an excellent idea to earn money while helping students achieve their dreams.

5. Xerox and Book Binding

There is a lack of Xerox and bookbinding facilities around many colleges and schools. In such a situation, if you will Xerox and bookbinding around these places then it can prove very beneficial for you.

6. Insurance Consultant

The insurance consultant provides guidance and advice for investment in various insurance policies. 

If you begin an insurance consultancy or take an insurance agency, then it will also prove to be a good option for business.

7. Mobile Food Shop

The food truck business or a catering van has been gaining popularity among entrepreneurs and consumers alike. 

Keeping today's busy generation in mind, it would be a good suggestion if you start a mobile food shop business as well. 

8. Game Parlours

Today's generation is very interested in playing games, so you can make a game parlor your business as well. 

The gaming industry is massive, and you can earn a lot of money. You do not require technical knowledge but you need to be smart to make sure you can keep the cost down to get the maximum profit. 

9. Book Store

Book shops can be found all across the country, from the smallest towns to the largest cities. Though e-books, audiobooks, and digital magazines have come into use, many people still enjoy doing it the old-fashioned way. 

They are buying and reading traditional, printed books. You can start your work by opening a book shop, its business is always running.

10. Become A Freelancer

If you are good at programming, content writing, website development, etc then there are many multiple-choice websites from where you can get freelance work, and you can earn well from it.

11. Yoga Center

In today's run race and stressful life, many people like to go to yoga, so a Yoga center can also be a good option for business. It has low investment.

12. Catering Service

As there is always a need for catering service at weddings and parties, if you can provide good food and catering service then this option will also be better for you.

13. Real Estate Consultant

Real estate work is always going, so you can open a consultancy which is also a successful small business idea to advise about real estate and buying and selling, rent, etc.

14. Computer Training

If you have good knowledge of computers then computer training can be a great option, you should not wait to establish your business, it can become an answer tool for business. 

There are a lot of options available for starting a computer training business. You can train others from beginners to intermediate levels. You can give training about specific applications like MS-word, MS-excel, etc. 

You can also teach typing.

15. Baby Suiting Services

This option may be better who want to start their work from home. Many parents require this service.

16. Gym Or Fitness Center

In today's world, everyone is aware of their fitness, so if you open your own small gym or fitness center then it can be a good option for business.

17. Mobile Shop

Mobile is one of the main requirements today, its demand is the highest, whether it is a city or a village. 

Everyone uses a smartphone, even small kids are more obsessed with it. Now mobile has become an entertainment medium more than its basic need which is to connect with others. 

Investing in a mobile shop can also be a successful small business idea.

18. Jewelry maker

As the price of gold increases, the demand for making jewelry also rises, so you can start trading as a jewelry maker.

19. Event Organizer

You can start a company that organizes events, this can prove to be a good way of business. But here you have to put in the extra effort.

20. Ice Cream Parlor

Ice cream is one of the most popular desserts in the world and probably the most visited shop by kids and adults alike. 

An ice cream parlor business can be a good idea to start, you can also think about this option.

I hope you have enjoyed this article. This is my personal view If you have another successful small business idea so you can share it with us.

15 Travel Packing Tips For Holiday: Updated [2023]

Going on a vacation after a month of tedious and tiring routine is crucial for our well-being. It certainly helps us manage stress and the pressures of our daily environment.

However, the challenge when it comes to traveling is figuring out what to pack, what to leave behind, and how to pack efficiently. Nobody wants to lug around a heavy suitcase or multiple bags, and losing your luggage can be a nightmare.

As experts in traveling, we know more than anyone about the dos and don'ts of packing.

If you're feeling anxious as your travel date approaches, and wondering if you've packed everything correctly, or if you've missed something important, don't worry. There are countless travel tips available online these days.

You can find many travel-related articles and resources on various websites and blogs, which can help you plan your trip and guide you on what to bring.

The only downside is that with so many sources available, it's easy to get confused. One website may suggest packing a particular item, while another may advise against it.

In this article, however, we've compiled the 15 best travel packing tips that you should follow when you embark on your journey. These tips will help you pack smartly, lightly, and efficiently, and save you from unnecessary hassle. So, let's dive straight into the tips without any further delay.

1. Information About Travel Destination

Before packing for a trip, it's essential to gather and organize important information to ensure that you bring along only the necessary items. This includes taking into account the number of people traveling with you, the purpose of your trip, and specific details about your travel destination.

For example, if you're traveling with a group of friends or family, it's important to consider everyone's needs and preferences. This can help you determine what items are essential for the group and what can be left behind.

Additionally, the nature of your trip can greatly impact what you need to pack. Are you going on a camping trip or a beach vacation? Will you be attending a formal event or embarking on a backpacking adventure? These details can help guide your packing decisions and ensure that you have everything you need to enjoy your trip.

Finally, information about your travel destination can be invaluable when packing. Research the weather forecast and climate of the place you're going to, as well as the culture, customs, and activities available. This will help you pack appropriate clothing, gear, and accessories, and avoid bringing unnecessary items.

By taking the time to gather and consider this information, you can pack smarter and more efficiently. This will ultimately make your trip more enjoyable and stress-free, allowing you to focus on making lasting memories with your loved ones.

2. Travel Packing Checklist

Planning and organizing are crucial for a smooth and stress-free trip. The first step to ensuring you have everything you need is by making a comprehensive checklist. This list will help you keep track of everything you need to pack, reducing the chances of forgetting any essential item.

When preparing for a trip, it's not just the destination and itinerary you need to consider, but also the items you will need while away. Therefore, your checklist should include not only your clothes and toiletries but also any gadgets, documents, and other essentials you may need.

To ensure that you don't forget anything, take the time to go through every item you'll need and note them down on your checklist. Make sure to include even the small things like a hairbrush, sunscreen, and a pen. It's easy to forget these minor details, but they can make a significant difference during your trip.

As you pack, check each item off your list. This will help you avoid leaving anything behind, and you'll have peace of mind knowing you have everything you need. Additionally, when packing, make sure to pack smart and efficiently to save space and make your luggage easier to carry.

On the day you are traveling, double-check your checklist to ensure you have packed everything you need. This final check can help you avoid any last-minute stress or inconvenience. By using a checklist, you can travel with confidence, knowing that you have everything you need for a successful trip.

3. Categorize Things Before Packing

When embarking on a new journey, it can be helpful to take note of the items that have proven to be essential in past travels. Whether it's a trusty pair of shoes, necessary medications, or a particular gadget, identifying these commonalities can save time and hassle during the packing process.

To ensure that no important items are overlooked, it's recommended to create a comprehensive list of everything that needs to be packed. This list can include categories such as clothing, toiletries, electronics, and travel documents. Within each category, specific items can be listed, such as a favorite sweater or a passport.

Assembling this packing list serves a dual purpose: not only does it provide a visual reference to ensure that everything has been accounted for, but it can also aid in prioritizing certain items over others. For example, a traveler may recognize that comfortable shoes are critical for exploring a new destination, while fancy attire can be left behind.

By cross-referencing the list with the actual items packed, travelers can confirm that everything necessary has been included. In addition, the list can be revisited after the trip to note any items that were unused or any new essentials that were discovered.

In summary, when preparing for a new journey, it's valuable to identify common items that have been necessary on past travels and create a comprehensive packing list. This list can help prioritize essential items, ensure nothing is forgotten, and provide a reference for future trips.

4. Choose the Proper Suitcase or Bag

When deciding on which type of luggage to bring for your travels, it's important to consider the destination and the mode of transportation you'll be using. While a suitcase may be the go-to option for longer trips with a lot of belongings, it may not always be the most practical choice.

For instance, if you'll be frequently moving around within a city or relying on public transportation, carrying a bulky suitcase can be quite cumbersome. In such cases, it might be more convenient to opt for a more portable option such as a duffel bag or backpack that is easier to maneuver and carry.

On the other hand, if you're going on an extended vacation and don't need to move around as much, a suitcase may be the ideal choice for packing and organizing your belongings. With ample space and compartments, it can make it easier to keep everything in order and accessible during your trip.

Ultimately, the decision on which type of luggage to choose should be based on practicality and personal preference. By considering the destination, mode of transportation, and amount of items you'll be bringing, you can select the best option to ensure a comfortable and hassle-free travel experience.

Don't forget that your suitcase contributes to your weight limit. The heavier your belongings, the less you can pack. This is especially important to keep in mind when flying with low-cost airlines that have strict weight restrictions. When packing, make a conscious effort to choose a lightweight bag or suitcase to avoid doubling the weight of your items

5. Wear a Waist Belt

For the safekeeping of your valuables during vacation, it's recommended to store items such as passports, credit cards, and important documents in a waist bag rather than a suitcase. Losing luggage or worse, having it stolen, is an unfortunate possibility that can happen to anyone. While you have little control over your luggage, you can take measures to safeguard crucial items like passports or credit cards by keeping them on your person at all times. To accomplish this, a waist belt provides an excellent solution.

6. Dresses on Trip

Clothing is a crucial consideration for any travel experience. Oftentimes, people tend to overpack their suitcases with unnecessary clothes. A helpful tip for packing clothes is to roll them instead of folding them, which not only saves space in your luggage for other items but also prevents wrinkles. However, before you start packing, it's essential to only bring what you truly need and avoid stuffing your bag with extra clothing that will remain unworn - be intentional with your packing! Another travel pro tip is to pack clothes that suit the nature of your trip.

For instance, if you're heading to a hill station, ensure to pack warm clothes, whereas if you're heading to the beach, T-shirts and shorts should be on your packing list. Similarly, when traveling to a hilly area, it's crucial to have appropriate shoes for trekking, which emphasizes the importance of choosing your clothes according to your trip.

7. Pack Shoes To Save Space

When packing, keep in mind that shoes tend to take up more space. To maximize space and keep your belongings clean, it's best to pack your shoes in a separate bag. Ensure that you bring enough pairs to meet your needs.

Since shoes can be dirty, it's important to take precautions to avoid getting other items in your luggage dirty. One solution is to wrap your shoes in cloth or plastic. Another option is to use a shower cap, which is often available for free at hotels. This will help keep your shoes from touching your other clean items. Additionally, using a zip lock bag is a convenient way to transport your shoes.

When deciding which shoes to bring, consider the activities you'll be doing. If you plan to go hiking, bring appropriate footwear. If you're headed to the beach, don't forget to pack your flip flops.

8. Travel Medicine Bag

It is common to experience a mild cough while traveling, but sometimes a person's health can deteriorate due to negligence.

It is a common occurrence for individuals to experience health issues due to changes in environment and weather when traveling to a new place. To avoid such situations, it is recommended to always carry a medical kit with you on your trip. These kits are easily available at any medical store and are not expensive.

Regardless of your travel destination or purpose, it is important to plan ahead for possible health issues and keep essential medications on hand. This is especially important as you may not have easy access to a pharmacy or the required medication in the event of an illness. Buying medication outside of your home country can also be very costly.

To pack your medical kit, you do not need to bring a full box of each medication. It is best to bring enough to last for the duration of your trip and place each medication in a labeled small plastic bag. To keep everything organized and secure, store all the bags in a plastic zip-lock bag.

9. Cosmetic Bag For Travel

It is common for people to forget to pack their cosmetics while on a trip. To avoid this, I recommend creating a cosmetic kit for yourself and packing it first when preparing for your trip.

Women rarely go out bare-faced, but if you prefer a natural look, it's an option. For those who prefer to wear makeup, it's time to be more strategic with your packing. First, consider which products are absolutely essential. Do you really need everything you currently have in your makeup bag? Empty it out and take stock. You may find that there are items you don't use on a regular basis. Once you've identified your must-haves, pack them in a small plastic zip-lock bag for easy access.

Here's another makeup packing tip: instead of packing your bronzer, blush, and highlighter separately, consider purchasing a single palette that contains all three. You'll be amazed at how much space you can save with this simple trick.

10. Stay connected While Travelling

Many of us have the desire to pack every piece of technology we own, just like we tend to do with our makeup and jewelry.

Staying connected with your loved ones is important when traveling, whether it's a business trip or a family vacation. Be sure to pack essential devices like your laptop, tablet, phone, and camera, and don't forget to bring chargers for each of them. To simplify your packing, bring a single charging cord and multiple adapters that will work with all your devices. If you're not flying, keep these items in a separate bag that you can easily access. It's also a good idea to include these items on your travel packing list to ensure that you don't forget anything important.

11. Bring Some Entertainment For Your Downtime

During most trips, there are usually periods of downtime, whether they're prearranged or unexpected. To make the most of your idle time, it's helpful to have your preferred sources of entertainment readily available. Whether you enjoy games, books, magazines, movies, music, or podcasts, make sure to have digital copies of them accessible.

If you're fond of physical books, there's no need to worry; some people still prefer them. However, it's best to opt for a paperback version that's easy to carry around. Additionally, when you're done with it, consider leaving it somewhere for someone else to pick up and read.

12. Travel Documents Checklist

it's important to ensure that you've checked and have with you your tickets, passports, identification cards, and visas (if you're traveling internationally). Keep these essential documents safely stored in a separate bag for added security.

Be sure to store these items in a place where you can easily find them in case you need to search for them.

13. Backup of Important Documents

While digital technology is amazing, it's essential to take some notes when traveling, which is one of our most crucial packing tips. It's recommended that you print everything as a backup in case technology fails. Having hard copies of your booking information can prove helpful if your smartphone malfunctions or the hotel has been overbooked, especially in remote locations.

Paper doesn't take up much space in your luggage, and you can recycle it once you reach your destination or check into your hotel. Make copies of essential documents such as credit cards, passports, and visas and keep them in the hotel safe while traveling. It's also a good idea to keep one actual credit card and some cash in the safe in case of loss or theft.

If you need to navigate during your trip, keep a paper map with you. While GPS usually works well, having a paper map as an alternative can help you get to your destination if your digital device fails.

14. Carry Garbage Bag

A useful travel packing tip is to bring garbage bags with you. If you have access to laundry facilities, consider packing a travel laundry kit to help minimize the amount of clothing you need to bring. It's also a good idea to keep a few plastic bags with you since you never know when they might come in handy!

15. Smart Packing

Proper and efficient packing is crucial for every trip. To ensure this, heavy items should be packed at the bottom of your bag. Rolling your clothes can help save space, and it's advisable to use an airtight bag for your journey.

It's a good idea to categorize your belongings before leaving for your trip. For example, tickets can be placed in one bag, electronic devices in another, and food and shoes in separate bags. Later, make sure to match your items with your checklist.

The Dos and Don'ts While Packing

Preparing for a trip is just as important as selecting the right destination. Forgetting crucial items while on vacation can be a nightmare, and replacing them can be expensive and challenging, depending on the type of trip.

Fortunately, I've compiled a comprehensive list of dos and don'ts for packing, whether you're going on a short weekend getaway or a multi-week adventure:

Avoid bringing unnecessary items.

Pack efficiently.

Remember to bring essential toiletries.

Don't forget to bring your prescriptions!

Avoid packing anything you can't afford to lose, particularly jewelry.

Bring a purse and/or backpack.

Make sure to pack plenty of underwear!

Don't panic if you forget something (other than your passport).

Create a packing list of everything you need.

Roll your clothes to save space.

Pack Right, but Pack Light.

Bring your own travel-sized toiletries and a bath sponge.

Purchase a travel adapter for international travel.

Pack for the weather and consider all personal items.

Avoid overpacking; less is more.

Pack liquids in appropriate sizes.

Leave expensive items at home.

Consider using Compression Socks.

Carry a Digital Thermometer and a new portable charger, as well as Ziploc bags.

Bring Seasonal Allergy Medication.

By following these travel packing tips, you can avoid any inconvenience during your trip, and you'll have many wonderful memories to cherish throughout your life.

FAQs: Travel Packing Tips For Holiday

Q. What are some essential items to pack for a holiday?

A: When packing for a holiday, it's important to bring the essential items such as clothes, toiletries, medication, phone charger, and travel documents. These items will ensure that you have everything you need for a comfortable and safe trip.

Q. How can I pack efficiently for a holiday?

A: To pack efficiently for a holiday, you can start by making a packing list, rolling your clothes to save space, using packing cubes to organize your items, and packing versatile pieces that can be mixed and matched. It's also helpful to pack items in order of importance and accessibility.

Q. What are some tips for packing for a long-haul flight?

A: Packing for a long-haul flight requires careful planning. It's important to bring items that will keep you comfortable and entertained such as a neck pillow, noise-cancelling headphones, and a good book. You may also want to pack a change of clothes and essential toiletries in case of unexpected delays or lost luggage.

Q. How can I ensure the safety of my belongings when traveling?

A: To ensure the safety of your belongings when traveling, it's important to pack a secure and durable luggage, use a TSA-approved lock, and keep valuable items such as passport, cash, and credit cards with you at all times. You can also consider using a luggage tracker to keep track of your luggage in case it gets lost.

5 Useful Tips To Fix Slow Charging On Smartphone

When shopping for a new smartphone, battery life is a crucial aspect to consider alongside the device's appearance, design, processing power, and camera. A phone with a weak battery is essentially useless, regardless of how expensive or visually appealing it may be. To address this issue, many smartphone manufacturers have introduced fast-charging technology and larger batteries. 

Slow charging is a common issue that many smartphone users face. A slow-charging smartphone not only affects your productivity but also decreases the battery life of your device. In this blog, I will discuss some useful tips and tricks to fix slow charging on smartphones.

However, over time, it is common for the battery backup to decline and for charging to slow down. Often, this issue is overlooked and not given much attention. There are several reasons why a smartphone may charge slowly, but there are also solutions to this problem. Here are some useful tips for fixing slow charging on smartphones.

There are a few reasons why your smartphone might be charging slowly. Some common reasons include:

1. Use An Original Phone Charger

It's common for people to lose or damage the charger that came with their phone and then resort to using any available local charger or the charger from another phone. However, using a fake charger that is not specifically designed for your phone can result in slow charging and, in severe cases, even cause the battery to explode, which poses a significant safety risk.

Using an incompatible or low-quality charger can also harm the battery's health, reducing its overall lifespan and performance. To avoid these issues, it's recommended to always use the original charger that came with your phone or a high-quality, third-party charger that is compatible with your phone model. 

Using an original phone charger is one of the most effective ways to ensure fast charging. An original charger is specifically designed for your phone model and provides the correct amount of power for the device to charge quickly. Using a non-original or low-quality charger can result in slow charging or even damage to your phone's battery.

It's also important to use a compatible charging cable that is in good condition. Worn or damaged cables can cause charging issues, so it's best to replace them if necessary. 

If you're still having slow charging issues after using an original charger and cable, you may want to try the other tips I mentioned earlier, such as optimizing your phone's software, avoiding demanding tasks while charging, and checking the battery's health.

2. Avoid Fake Charging Data Cable

Occasionally, USB cables can break and people may resort to using a data cable or a different charger to charge their phones.

Continuously using an incompatible or low-quality cable can eventually lead to complete battery damage, rendering the phone useless. To avoid these issues, it's best to use an original or high-quality charger that is specifically designed for your phone model, and replace the cable if necessary to ensure fast and safe charging.

Using a fake or counterfeit charging cable can be dangerous and may result in slow charging or even damage to your phone's battery. These cables often do not meet the same quality standards as the original cables, and they may not provide the correct amount of power for your phone to charge efficiently.

Fake cables can also pose a safety risk, as they may not be properly regulated or tested and could cause electrical issues, such as overheating or short circuits. To ensure fast and safe charging, it's best to use an original or high-quality, third-party charging cable that is specifically designed for your phone model.

If you're still experiencing slow charging, there may be other issues, such as software bugs or battery degradation, that you can address by following the other tips I mentioned earlier.

3. Remove the Phone Cover While Charging

Nowadays, smartphones with non-removable batteries are becoming more prevalent due to their improved design and appearance. People often use different types of back covers to enhance the look and protect the phone. It's important to note that the battery generates heat while charging.

When a back cover is used, it can trap the heat and prevent it from dissipating, causing the phone to become hot. This, in turn, reduces the efficiency of the battery and slows down the charging process. To avoid this, it's recommended to remove the back cover while charging the phone to allow the heat to escape and ensure fast charging.

Removing your phone's cover while charging can help improve the charging speed. This is because some covers, especially those that are thick or made from heavy materials, can trap heat and slow down the charging process.

When heat builds up inside your phone, it can cause the battery to work less efficiently, leading to slower charging speeds. By removing the cover, you can help dissipate the heat and allow the battery to charge faster.

It's also important to make sure that the charging port on your phone is free of debris, such as lint or dust, as this can impede the flow of power and slow down the charging process. Cleaning the charging port regularly can help ensure fast charging. 

If you're still having slow charging issues, you may want to consider some of the other tips I mentioned earlier, such as using an original charger, optimizing your phone's software, and checking the battery's health.

4. Enable Power Saving Mode For Fast Charging

When the battery is low, the phone's processing and charging demands are high. To help reduce battery consumption and support faster charging, you can turn off features such as sync, GPS, and location services.

Enabling a power-saving mode will also help, as it will halt the functioning of background apps, enabling the phone to charge faster. By reducing the load on the battery, you can increase the charging speed and improve the overall performance of your phone.

Keep in mind that disabling certain features may affect the functionality of your phone, so it's best to use power-saving mode and turn off other features only when necessary. If you're still experiencing slow charging, consider trying some of the other tips I mentioned earlier to resolve the issue.

Enabling a power-saving mode on your smartphone can help improve the charging speed. Power-saving mode is a feature that can be found on most smartphones, and it helps to conserve battery power by reducing the phone's performance and limiting background activities.

By enabling power-saving mode while charging, you can help reduce the drain on the battery and allow it to charge faster. Additionally, turning off the phone or putting it in airplane mode while charging can also help speed up the process.

It's worth noting that power-saving mode can also affect the overall performance of your phone, so it's best to use it only when necessary. If you're still having slow charging issues, you may want to consider some of the other tips I mentioned earlier, such as using an original charger, optimizing your phone's software, and checking the battery's health.

5. Switch Off The Phone While Charging

If you don't need to use your phone while it's charging, it's best to turn it off. This will disconnect the phone from the network and allow it to charge faster. Additionally, taking a break from using the phone and turning it off for a while can also help recharge the battery and give it a much-needed rest.

Turning off your phone while it's charging can help improve the charging speed and reduce the load on the battery. When the phone is turned off, it's not performing any background activities, which means that all of the battery's energy can be directed toward charging.

However, it's worth noting that this method may not be practical for everyone, as you won't be able to use your phone while it's charging. If you need to use your phone while it's charging, you can try other tips such as enabling power-saving mode, turning off syncing and using an original charger.

Furthermore, it's important to remember that charging your phone overnight or for extended periods of time can also affect the battery's overall health and lifespan. To maximize battery life, it's best to charge your phone to around 50-80% and avoid fully discharging or overcharging it.

Conclusion:

That's all folks. Regular maintenance and care can go a long way in keeping your phone functioning smoothly and efficiently. So, always make sure to use an original charger, avoid fake charging data cables, remove the phone cover while charging, switch off the phone while charging, and enable power-saving mode for fast charging.

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[Solved]-Why I Am Getting 'No Internet Access' On My Laptop? Other Devices Are Working Fine

We use the internet in every field for our daily activity whether we are using a computer or a smartphone. It's a quick and easy way to fix our daily needs. 

In fact, the internet has now become an important part of our daily life. 

If I am not wrong, we can't live without the internet, we have now been tech-addicted if you agree.

Also Read: 

• How To Check Mobile Network Strength
• How You Can Fix [Slow WiFi Speed]

Why do I have no internet access?

Generally, we use a WIFI connection or broadband connection to use the internet on a laptop.

We are surrounded by the internet whether we have to pay utility bills, fill entrance exam forms, download/upload important documents, stream online favorite shows, play PC/mobile games, or ticket bookings, the list can be long.

But, the major problem is that when we are stuck while surfing the internet on a laptop/PC and it shows 'no internet access. 

Earlier it was working fine but suddenly it has stopped working.

It is also working fine on mobile and some other devices. What do we do now?

Well, we have faced many Internet-related issues over the past few years, and every time we try to come up with a solution that can help other users.

Thankfully, you are not the only one who has this issue. I had the same issue when I first time connected home wifi to my laptop. 

I tried several ways to fix what is covered in this topic. 

WiFi connected but it shows ''no internet access”, actually there is no specific solution to fix it. 

The problem could be with your router, operating system, or some settings which are blocking to use of the internet.

Reboot the Modem or WiFi router

Many times rebooting the wireless router can fix certain issues. So, restart the router or modem and see if it works.

Check the Router/Modem Lights

In this situation, you should know the lights on the wifi router, to ensure that if the internet connection is working through the router or modem.

Check the LED lights on your wifi, should blink properly.

The internet icon light normally green should blink and if it is not then it could be a problem at the ISP end.

If the internet access light or the internet icon indicator is blinking fine then you need to follow the below steps:

Ensure Other Devices Can Access The Internet

Before you start troubleshooting, it is important to determine other devices that can access the internet or if they are having the same ‘no internet access error. 

Check other connected devices if they are working fine through wired or wireless.

If other devices can connect to the internet then it could be a problem with the laptop itself. Now, we will figure out the issues on the laptop.

Keep The Device Closer To The Wireless Router

If you have restarted the router as well as the laptop itself but still have no luck, keep the laptop closer to the router and check if you get online.

Sometimes it happens further you away internet connection becomes weak. So, taking a little closer can solve the no internet access and if doesn't then it's not a wifi issue.

Connect the Internet using a LAN or Ethernet Cable

Try to connect the laptop/PC via LAN cable or Ethernet cable and check if it connects to the internet.

Connect one end of the LAN or Ethernet cable to the laptop port or LAN port located at the side or backside and the other end to the router labeled Ethernet or LAN. Ensure that the green light should be lit up on the router.

Restart your laptop, right-click on the wifi icon at the taskbar and click the 'Network and Sharing Center

Now Click 'Ethernet' or 'Set up a new connection' and then double-click "Connect to the Internet." It will take a while to connect your laptop to the Internet.

Check Wifi Name And SSID or Password

If you are using the internet connection through WiFi, then recheck the WiFi name and security key or password. Connect the wifi again and enter the correct password.

Run Windows Network Diagnostics on Windows 10

1. Windows Network Diagnostics can also fix no internet access issues.
2. Right-click on the Wifi icon on the taskbar and click Network Troubleshooter. 
3. Follow the instructions on the screen and test the problem.

It will take a while to diagnose the issues. 

Check Your IP Address Settings

If you can use the internet on the laptop by connecting to other wifi, but not with your own WiFi, then it could be an issue with IP Address or DNS conflict.

Press Windows+R keys, open the run dialog box, 

type CMD, open command prompt windows.

1. Type 'Ping' space Your router IP address or default gateway
2. If you get a timeout on the screen, then probably it could be the IP Address conflict.
3. To solve the no internet access issue, open the command prompt again, type the below command, and hit Enter. 
4. 'ipconfig/release'
5. It refreshes the internet connection and also fixes the most minor glitches and errors.
6. If it doesn't work for you then automatically get an IP address and DNS given by your ISP.
7. Press the Windows+R keys and open the run dialog box, type "ncpa.cpl", and hit Enter. 

On the "Network connections" window right-click on your wifi network and select Properties.

Scroll down and double-click on 'IP4'  or 'Internet Protocol Version 4' and open the properties menu.

Under "Properties", check the radio button “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address automatically” click on OK. 

If did not work then restart the laptop/PC.

 

Delete Temp Files

Deleting temporary files might also fix the 'no internet access issue.

Press Windows + R keys, type 'Temp', and hit Enter.

A file explorer window will open that contains all temporary files.

Press Control+A keys to select all and press the 'delete' button. This will erase all temporary files.

 

Update Network Adapter Driver

Like other software, network drivers should also be updated regularly. An old or corrupted driver might also cause a “no internet access” error. 

Open your Device Manager Settings, press Windows+R keys, type devmgmt.msc, and hit Enter. 

Right-click on Network Adapters and click on update driver. An update wizard will open, follow the instructions, and update the network driver. 

Reset Network Settings in Windows

If you have tried everything but the internet not has started yet, then resetting the network settings is the last resort.

Note: It removes and reinstalls the network adapter currently installed on your laptop.

To reset network settings, press the Windows key and type Network, and click on settings. 

Now search 'Network Reset'. The process will begin and then restart the system.

Now search for the particular Wifi name that you were trying to connect to. Click on connect.

Check for the Windows Update

Network problems might be caused due to the operating system itself. Download and install new updates. 

1. Press Windows Key and search for "Check for Update"
2. Windows Settings> Update & Security> Windows Update. 

As I said there could be many factors why you are getting 'No Internet Access? We have covered some of them but this is not the end of the list. 

You have to check every possible way to fix this. In my case, I updated the network adapter driver and the issue was resolved.

Hopefully, you have fixed it. You can tell us which steps you have applied in the comment box. We look forward to hearing from you.